Smart integration of drive system for induction motor applications in electric vehicles

In this paper, a smart drive system of the induction motor (IM) is proposed and adapted for applications in electric vehicles (EVs). Objectively, EV systems are robust over wide speed torque ranges. The independent encoder (encoderless) concerned with control (TCD) indirect rotor field-oriented (IRFOC) using sliding mode observer (SMO). This arrangement monitoring techniques smartly integrated IM EVs. encoderless technique utilizes SMO to estimate stator current, flux angle, speed. verified motoring at very low zero conditions. accelerator pedal utilized TCD generate reference required accelerate by driver. angle estimated based on IRFOC method. laboratory waveforms illustrate robustness IM-based electrical vehicle SMO. prove validity dive under load torque/speed variations.